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Aleksandr Dugin

Aleksandr Gelyevich Dugin (; born 7 January 1962) is a Russian far-right political philosopher and the leading theorist of Russian neo-Eurasianism.

Born into a military intelligence family, Dugin was an anti-communist dissident during the 1980s and joined the ultranationalist and antisemitic Pamyat organization. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, he co-founded the National Bolshevik Party, which espoused National Bolshevism, with Eduard Limonov in 1993 before leaving in 1998. In 1997, Dugin published his most well-known work, ''Foundations of Geopolitics'', in which he called on Russia to rebuild its influence through alliances and conquest in order to challenge a purported rival Atlanticist empire led by the United States. Dugin founded the Eurasia Party in 2002, and continued to develop his ideology in books including ''The Fourth Political Theory'' (2009). His views have been characterized as fascist or neo-fascist, although he explicitly rejects fascism along with liberal democracy and Marxism, instead advocating a "conservative revolution" against Enlightenment ideas in Russia. He has drawn on the writings of René Guénon, Julius Evola, Carl Schmitt, and Martin Heidegger.

Dugin was an early advisor to the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and later to Chairmen of the State Duma Gennadiy Seleznyov and Sergey Naryshkin. He served as head of the Department of Sociology of International Relations at Moscow State University from 2009 to 2014, when he lost his post due to backlash after he called for the death of pro-Maidan Ukrainians. Since 2023, he has served as the director of the Ivan Ilyin Higher School of Politics at the Russian State University for the Humanities.

Dugin is a strong supporter of Russian president Vladimir Putin. Although he has no official ties to the Kremlin, he is often referred to in foreign media as "Putin's brain"; others say that his influence is exaggerated. Dugin vocally supported the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014, and since 2022 has supported its full invasion of Ukraine as representing a battle against "absolute Evil, embodied in Western civilisation, its liberal-totalitarian hegemony and in Ukrainian Nazism". * * }} Dugin's daughter, Darya, was assassinated in car bombing in 2022. The assassination is widely believed to have been conducted by Ukraine, though the exact relation of the assassins to the Ukrainian government is undetermined. Provided by Wikipedia