Sex and the developing brain / Margaret M. McCarthy.
Saved in:
| Online Access: |
Full Text (via Morgan & Claypool) |
|---|---|
| Main Author: | |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
[San Rafael, California] :
Morgan & Claypool,
2017.
|
| Edition: | Second edition. |
| Series: | Colloquium digital library of life sciences.
Colloquium series on the developing brain ; # 14. |
| Subjects: |
Table of Contents:
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Sex differences in brain and behavior in context
- 3. Sex determination versus sex differentiation
- 4. Masculinization, feminization, and defeminization
- 5. Steroid hormones are potent modulators of brain development
- 6. Sex differences in the brain are established during a developmental sensitive window
- 6.1 Steroid levels in the developing brain
- 6.2 Early-life programming by hormone effects on the brain
- 6.3 Mice with null mutations of steroid receptors, steroidogenic enzymes, and binding proteins
- 7. Sex differences in reproductive physiology and behavior are coordinated
- 7.1 Ovulation begins in the brain
- 7.2 Female sex behavior is coordinated with ovulation
- 7.3 Male physiology and behavior are not temporally constrained
- 8. Steroids influence multiple endpoints via multiple mechanisms to organize the brain
- 8.1 Steroids organize the developing brain by altering cell survival
- 8.2 Steroids organize the brain by altering cell proliferation
- 8.3 Neuronal migration is not strongly regulated by steroids
- 8.4 Steroids regulate trophic factors and activity-dependent survival
- 8.5 Steroids' impact on axonal projections, dendritic branching and connections
- 8.6 Steroidogenesis occurs in discrete brain regions and affects neuronal development
- 8.7 Steroids organize the developing brain by altering synaptic connectivity
- 8.8 Steroids organize the developing brain by altering neurochemical phenotype
- 8.8.1 Vasopressin is a model of steroid-mediated sexual differentiation of the brain
- 8.9 The Kisspeptin system is also notable for its sex dimorphism
- 9. Cellular mechanisms of steroid-mediated organization of the brain
- 9.1 Prostaglandins masculinize the preoptic area and sexual behavior
- 9.2 Microglia are sexually differentiated and a source of PGE2 in developing POA
- 9.3 Gamma-aminobutyric acid induces sex differences in astrocytes in the arcuate nucleus
- 9.4 Glutamate release is critical to sex differences in synaptogenesis in the hypothalamus
- 9.5 Endocannabinoids mediate a sex difference in cell genesis in the developing amygdala
- 9.5.1 Endocannabinoids also regulate sex differences in play behavior
- 10. Ultrasonic vocalizations differ in neonatal males and females because of a gene called FoxP2
- 11. Overcoming the hegemony of hormones: genes matter too
- 11.1 Epigenetics and the development of sex differences in the brain
- 11.1.1 Epigenetic changes may or may not endure
- 11.1.2 Multiple epigenetic changes are possible
- 11.1.3 Epigenetics and sex differentiation
- 11.1.4 Evidence of an epigenetic "echo"
- 11.1.5 There is more DNA Methylation in the POA of neonatal females than males
- 12. Winged messengers: lessons from birds and flies
- 12.1 Sexual differentiation of the neural circuit for song in songbirds
- 12.2 Neuroanatomy and behavior are only loosely tethered together
- 12.3 Courtship and copulation in drosophila
- 13. Sexual differentiation of the primate brain
- 14. Sexual differentiation of the human brain
- 15. Imaging studies give insight into brain sex differences
- 16. Steroids and human brain development
- 16.1 Androgen insensitivity syndrome
- 16.2 Estrogen receptor mutation and aromatase deficiency
- 16.3 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- 17. The value of understanding the effect of sex on the developing brain
- 17.1 Maleness is an inherent risk factor for developmental disorders
- 17.2 Maternal immune activation is a risk factor for developmental psychiatric disorders
- 17.3 Connecting epigenetics and inflammation to explain male vulnerability
- Bibliography
- Classic references
- Author biography.