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A bias radar for responsible policy-making [electronic resource] : foresight-based scientific advice / Lieve Van Woensel.

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Bibliographic Details
Online Access: Full Text (via Springer)
Main Author: Woensel, L. van (Author)
Format: Electronic eBook
Language:English
Published: Cham, Switzerland : Palgrave Macmillan, [2020]
Series:St. Antony's series (Palgrave Macmillan (Firm))
Subjects:
Science and state.
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Foreword
  • Acknowledgements
  • Introduction
  • Contents
  • About the Author
  • Abbreviations
  • List of Figures
  • List of Boxes
  • 1 Scientific Policy Advising: Exploring the Science-Policy Ecosystem
  • 1.1 Issues for Which Policy-Makers Need Advice
  • 1.2 Scientific Advising: Criteria, Organizations and Practices
  • 1.2.1 Organizational Criteria for Effective, Trustworthy and High-Quality Advising
  • 1.2.2 How Scientific Advising Is Organized
  • 1.2.3 Good Scientific Advising Practices
  • 1.2.4 Evidence-Based Policy-Making: A Reflection on Rationality and Other Values.
  • 1.3 The Roles that Scientific Advisers Can Play
  • 1.4 The Science-Policy Ecosystem: Zooming Out to the Whole Picture
  • 1.4.1 Simple Science-Policy Interfaces
  • 1.4.2 The Science-Policy Ecosystem: A Holistic Approach to Advising
  • 1.4.3 A Hypothetical Problem
  • 1.4.4 Distracting Influences in the Science-Policy Ecosystem
  • 1.5 Chapter Summary and Conclusions
  • References
  • 2 How Bias Distorts Evidence and Its Assessment
  • 2.1 Bias Basics
  • 2.1.1 Origin of the Word "Bias": Biased Balls in the Old Game of Bowls
  • 2.1.2 Bias in Nineteenth-Century Sociological Research.
  • 2.1.3 How the Brain Biases Thinking
  • 2.2 Cognitive Dissonance
  • 2.3 Overcoming Bias or Living with It?
  • 2.4 The Most Frequent Biases in the Scientific Advisory Process
  • 2.4.1 Research Biases
  • 2.4.1.1 Sampling Biases
  • 2.4.1.2 Experimenter Biases
  • 2.4.1.3 Reporting Biases
  • 2.4.1.4 Sponsorship Bias
  • 2.4.2 Cultural and Value Biases
  • 2.4.2.1 The Ideological Bias
  • 2.4.2.2 The In-Group Bias
  • 2.4.2.3 The Confirmation Bias
  • 2.4.2.4 The Stereotype Bias
  • 2.4.3 Attention Biases
  • 2.4.3.1 Tunnel Vision and the Blind Spot Bias
  • 2.4.3.2 The Bias Blind Spot.
  • 2.4.3.3 The Target Bias
  • 2.4.4 Interest-Based Biases
  • 2.4.4.1 The Self-Serving Bias
  • 2.4.4.2 The Tactical Bias
  • 2.4.4.3 The Conflict of Interest Bias
  • 2.4.5 Availability Biases
  • 2.4.5.1 The Media Bias
  • 2.4.5.2 The Anchoring Bias
  • 2.4.5.3 The Knowledge Bias
  • 2.4.5.4 The Authority Bias
  • 2.4.6 Associative Biases
  • 2.4.6.1 The Nature and Bio Biases
  • 2.4.6.2 The Romantic Bias
  • 2.4.6.3 The Ethicality Bias
  • 2.5 Illustrations
  • 2.5.1 Gilles-Éric Séralini on Roundup and GM
  • 2.5.1.1 The Séralini Affair in a Nutshell
  • 2.5.1.2 Interviewees' Reflections on the Controversy.
  • 2.5.1.3 Biases and Cognitive Dissonance in the Séralini Case
  • 2.5.2 Andrew Wakefield on the MMR Vaccine
  • 2.5.2.1 Wakefield's Lancet Paper
  • 2.5.2.2 How Could a Fraudulent Paper Have Had Such an Effect on Vaccination Rates?
  • 2.5.2.3 Biases and Cognitive Dissonance in the Wakefield Case
  • 2.5.3 The European Biofuel Policy
  • 2.5.3.1 A Policy Intended to Address Climate Change
  • 2.5.3.2 Reflections on How the Policy's Adverse Effects May Have Been Overlooked
  • 2.5.3.3 Biases and Cognitive Dissonance in the Biofuel Case
  • 2.6 The Bias Wheel: A Tool for Bias-Awareness in Scientific Advising.

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