Transformation of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles from a Diesel Fuel Additive during Combustion in a Diesel Engine [electronic resource]
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| Format: | Government Document Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Richland, Wash. : Oak Ridge, Tenn. :
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (U.S.) ; Distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Department of Energy,
2017.
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| Subjects: |
| Abstract: | Nanoscale cerium oxide is used as a diesel fuel additive to reduce particulate matter emissions and increase fuel economy, but its fate in the environment has not been established. Here, cerium oxide released as a result of the combustion of diesel fuel containing the additive Envirox<sup>TM</sup>, which utilizes suspended nanoscale cerium oxide to reduce particulate matter emissions and increase fuel economy, was captured from the exhaust stream of a diesel engine and was characterized using a combination of bulk analytical techniques and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The combustion process induced significant changes in the size and morphology of the particles; ̃15 nm aggregates consisting of 5 to 7 nm faceted crystals in the fuel additive became 50 to 300 nm, near-spherical, single crystals in the exhaust. Electron diffraction identified the original cerium oxide particles as cerium (IV) oxide (CeO<sub>2</sub>, standard FCC structure) with no detectable quantities of Ce(III), whereas in the exhaust the ceria particles had additional electron diffraction reflections indicative of a CeO<sub>2</sub> superstructure containing ordered oxygen vacancies. The surfactant coating present on the cerium oxide particles in the additive was lost during combustion, but in roughly 30% of the observed particles in the exhaust, a new surface coating formed, approximately 2 to 5 nm thick. The results of this study suggest 28 that pristine, laboratory-produced, nanoscale cerium oxide is not a good substitute for the cerium 29 oxide released from fuel borne catalyst applications and that future toxicity experiments and modeling will require the use/consideration of more realistic materials. |
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| Item Description: | Published through Scitech Connect. 01/23/2017. "PNNL-SA-123029." "Journal ID: ISSN 0013-936X." ": US2208314." Dale, James G. ; Cox, Steven S. ; Vance, Marina E. ; Marr, Lindsey C. ; Hochella, Michael F. ; USDOE. |
| Physical Description: | Size: p. 1973-1980 : digital, PDF file. |