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Toxic fumes from explosives [electronic resource] : ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixtures.

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Bibliographic Details
Online Access: Online Access
Corporate Author: United States. Department of Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (Researcher)
Format: Government Document Electronic eBook
Language:English
Published: Oak Ridge, Tenn. : Oak Ridge, Tenn. : United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information ; distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1974.
Subjects:
Chemical Explosives.
Environmental Effects.
Aerosols.
Air Pollution.
Ammonium Compounds.
Carbon Monoxide.
Detonations.
Forecasting.
Fuel Oils.
Monitoring.
Nitrates.
Nitrogen Oxides.
Toxicity.
Carbon Compounds.
Carbon Oxides.
Chalcogenides.
Colloids.
Dispersions.
Explosives.
Fuels.
Nitrogen Compounds.
Oils.
Organic Compounds.
Other Organic Compounds.
Oxides.
Oxygen Compounds.
Petroleum Products.
Pollution.
Sols.
General And Miscellaneous//mathematics, Computing, And Information Science.
Environmental Sciences.
Description
Abstract:The Bureau of Mines has carried out experimental and theoretical studies with prilled and pulverized ammonium nitrate-fuel oil (AN-FO) mixtures containing varying amounts of fuel oil in an attempt to quantify the effects of stoichiometric composition, nonideal detonation behavior, and expansion volume on the production of CO, NO, and NO₂ fumes. Experimental fume measurements were obtained in the Bureau's large closed gallery facility (7.2 x 10⁴ liter expansion chamber) and in the standard Crawshaw-Jones apparatus (90-liter expansion chamber) using a prepackaged charge configuration containing about 450 g of explosives. The theoretical calculation of toxic fumes was achieved with an equilibrium detonation code called TIGER. Contrary to initial expectations, the NO/sub x/ (= NO + NO₂ fumes from the large gallery test were found to be in essential agreement with the Crawshaw-Jones results. It was also concluded that TIGER calculations offer a good approach to the prediction of toxic fumes; there is a basic problem in extrapolating laboratory measurements of CO fumes to mine conditions, this being due to postdetonation oxidation of CO to CO₂; and the detonation velocity decay rate of an explosive is a useful experimental parameter for correlating toxic fumes production with nonideal detonation behavior.
Item Description:Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information.
01/01/1974.
"BM-RI-7867"
Cook, E.B.; Chaiken, R.F.; Ruhe, T.C.
Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. (USA). Pittsburgh Mining and Safety Research Center.
Physical Description:Pages: 27.

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