Graphite fuels combustion off-gas treatment options [electronic resource]
Saved in:
| Online Access: |
Online Access |
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| Corporate Author: | |
| Format: | Government Document Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Washington, D.C. : Oak Ridge, Tenn. :
United States. Dept. of Energy ; distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy,
1993.
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| Subjects: |
| Abstract: | Scenarios for burning bulk graphite and for burning crushed fuel particles from graphite spent nuclear fuels have been considered. Particulates can be removed with sintered metal filters. Subsequent cooling would then condense semi-volatile fission products into or onto a particulate. These particulates would be trapped by a second sintered metal filter or downstream packed bed. A packed bed scrub column can be used to eliminate most of the iodine-129 and tritium. A molecular sieve bed is proposed to collect the residual ¹²⁹I and other tramp radionuclides downstream (Ruthenium, etc.). Krypton-85 can be recovered, if need be, either by cryogenics or by the KALC process (Krypton Adsorption in Liquid Carbon dioxide). Likewise carbon-14 in the form of carbon dioxide could be collected with a caustic or lime scrub solution and incorporated into a grout. Sulfur dioxide present will be well below regulatory concern level of 4.0 tons per year and most of it would be removed by the scrubber. Carbon monoxide emissions will depend on the choice of burner and start-up conditions. Should the system exceed the regulatory concern level, a catalytic converter in the final packed bed will be provided. Radon and its daughters have sufficiently short half-lives (less than two minutes). If necessary, an additional holdup bed can be added before the final HEPA filters or additional volume can be added to the molecular sieve bed to limit radon emissions. The calculated total effective dose equivalent at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory boundary from a single release of all the ³, ¹⁴C, ⁸⁵Kr, and ¹²⁹I in the total fuel mass if 0.43 mrem/year. |
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| Item Description: | Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. 03/01/1993. "winco--1209" " win--306-rev.1" "DE94013672" Kirkham, R.J.; Lords, R.E. Westinghouse Idaho Nuclear Co., Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (United States) |
| Physical Description: | 31 p. : digital, PDF file. |
| Type of Report and Period Covered Note: | Topical; |