Comprehensive study of drift from mechanical draft cooling towers. Final report [electronic resource]
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| Online Access: |
Online Access |
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| Corporate Authors: | , |
| Format: | Government Document Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Richland, Wash. : Oak Ridge, Tenn. :
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (U.S.) ; distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy,
1979.
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| Subjects: |
| Abstract: | Drift from mechanical draft cooling towers was studied to establish a data base for use in drift deposition model validation. This objective was met by the simultaneous measurement of cooling tower source emission parameters, meteorological variables and drift deposition patterns during seven of eight test runs. Results from six of these test runs are presented and discussed. Source characterization measurements were made of cooling tower emission parameters such as updraft velocity and temperature profiles, liquid and mineral mass drift emission rates, and drift droplet size distributions. The meteorological measurements included wet- and dry-bulb temperature and wind speed and direction at various heights to provide information on the vertical structure of temperature, moisture and mass transport. Surface deposition measurements included both droplet and bulk mineral mass deposition rates. Substantial variation in drift emissions were noticed. Large day-to-day variations for a given cell and large cell-to-cell variations were observed. The problem of deriving a total droplet emission spectrum and rate from one or two towers is complicated and the modeler must decide on the amount of detail he needs to satisfactorily predict downwind deposition patterns. Meteorological conditions during the drift study were characterized by relatively high winds, warm temperatures and moderate humidities. The relatively high winds increased the uncertainty in the measured deposition patterns. In spite of the large (factor of 2 or 3) uncertainty in the measured deposition rates, preliminary calculations of drift deposition rates are in agreement with each other for test run 1. Although the present study did not meet all the requirements for complete validation of various drift models, it has contributed a unique set of data for that purpose. |
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| Item Description: | Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. 09/01/1979. "pnl-3083" Laulainen, N.S.; Webb, R.O.; Wilber, K.R.; Ulanski, S.L. |