Biodegradability of Surfactants / edited by D.R. Karsa, M.R. Porter.
The widespread use of surfactants and their release into the environment has resulted in an upsurge of interest in the biodegradability of these compounds. This volume, written by a team of industrial and academic authors, provides an overview of the science and technology of the subject.
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
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Dordrecht :
Springer Netherlands : Imprint : Springer,
1995.
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Biodegradability of Surfactants / |c edited by D.R. Karsa, M.R. Porter. |
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| 505 | 0 | |a 1 Introduction to surfactant biodegradation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Biodegradability and the replacement of soap in detergent products -- 1.3 Biodegradation, biodegradability testing and interpretation of results -- 1.4 Sewage treatment processes and their significance for surfactants -- 1.5 Biodegradability test methods for surfactants -- 1.6 The replacement of tetrapropylene benzene sulphonate (TPBS) -- 1.7 Surfactant biodegradability and legislation -- 1.8 Surfactant analysis -- 1.9 Conclusions and thoughts for the future -- References -- 2 What is biodegradation? -- 2.1 Setting the scene: Microbial nutrition and the carbon cycle -- 2.2 Surfactants as potential microbial nutrients -- 2.3 Surfactant biodegradation in the environment -- 2.4 Laboratory models of surfactant biodegradation -- References -- 3 Biodegradability testing -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Nature of biodegradation and influencing factors -- 3.3 OECD and EEC tests for primary biodegradability of surfactants -- 3.4 List and synopses of existing methods for ultimate biodegradability -- 3.5 Analytical methods -- References -- 4 Testing strategy and legal requirements -- 4.1 Selection of tests: strategy of testing -- 4.2 Validation and interpretation of results -- 4.3 Legal requirements -- References -- 5 Biodegradability of anionic surfactants -- 5.1 General characteristics of anionic surfactants -- 5.2 Application of anionic surfactants and their environmental relevance -- 5.3 Particular structure and application features of anionic surfactants -- 5.4 Biodegradation of anionic surfactants -- References -- 6 Biodegradability of cationic surfactants -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Biodegradability of cationic surfactants in OECD Screening tests -- 6.3 Behaviour of quaternary ammonium salts in waste water treatment plants -- 6.4 Biodegradation routes of quaternary ammonium salts -- References -- 7 Biodegradability of non-ionic surfactants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Structure of polyglycol surfactants -- 7.3 General biodegradability -- 7.4 Mechanisms of biodegradation -- 7.5 Biodegradation of polyglycols -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Biodegradability of amphoteric surfactants -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Structural elements and biodegradation in general -- 8.3 Alkyl betaines -- 8.4 Alkylamido betaines -- 8.5 Sulphobetaines and hydroxysulphobetaines -- 8.6 Alkylamphoacetates -- 8.7 Polycarboxyglycinates -- 8.8 Alkylamphopropionates -- 8.9 Imidazolinium betaines -- Acknowledgements -- References. | |
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