International law and the Arctic /

International law and the Arctic / Michael Byers with James Baker.

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Sets out the international law relevant to the Arctic, from Indigenous peoples to environmental protection to oil and gas exploration.

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Bibliographic Details
Online Access: Full Text (via Cambridge)
Main Authors: Byers, Michael, 1966- (Author), Baker, James (Arctic scholar) (Author)
Format: Electronic eBook
Language:English
Published: [Cambridge, England] ; [New York] : Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Series:Cambridge studies in international and comparative law (Cambridge, England : 1996) ; 103.
Subjects:
International cooperation
International law
Arctic regions > International status.
Arctic regions > International cooperation.
Arctic Regions
Table of Contents:
  • 1. Territory
  • 1. Hans Island
  • 2. Svalbard
  • 3. Greenland
  • 4. Sverdrup Islands
  • 5. Summary
  • 2. Maritime boundaries
  • 1.1973 Canada-Denmark Boundary Treaty
  • 2.1990 Bering Sea Treaty
  • 3. Maritime boundaries around Jan Mayen
  • 4.2006 Greenland-Svalbard Boundary Treaty
  • 5.2010 Barents Sea Boundary Treaty
  • 6. Lincoln Sea boundary
  • 7. Summary
  • 3. Beaufort Sea boundary
  • 1. Background
  • 2. Resolution efforts
  • 3. Canada's legal position
  • 4. United States' legal position
  • 5. Law of maritime boundary delimitation within 200 nautical miles
  • 6. Law of maritime boundary delimitation beyond 200 nautical miles
  • 7. Potential negotiating positions
  • 7.1. Unilateral recognition of the other state's position
  • 7.2. Coastal length
  • 7.3. Relevance of islands
  • 7.4. Concavity of the coastline
  • 7.5. Canada's position beyond the EEZ
  • 7.6. Inuvialuit Final Agreement: a complicating factor
  • 7.7. United States' position beyond the EEZ.
  • 8. Options for United States-Canada cooperation
  • 8.1. Canada makes a preliminary or partial submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf
  • 8.2. United States sends a "no objection statement" to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf
  • 8.3. Canada and United States maximize combined EEZ rights with a "special area"
  • 8.4. Multifunctional delimitation
  • 8.5. Provision of economic access rights
  • 8.6. Joint development arrangement
  • 9. Russia-Canada maritime boundary in the Beaufort Sea?
  • 10. Summary
  • 4. Extended continental shelves
  • 1. Continental shelf regime
  • 2. Seafloor highs
  • 2.1. Oceanic ridges
  • 2.2. Submarine ridges and submarine elevations
  • 3. Geomorphological and geological characteristics of the central Arctic Ocean
  • 3.1. Lomonosov Ridge
  • 3.2. Alpha/Mendeleev Ridge
  • 3.3. Submissions, responses, and diplomacy
  • 4. Options for submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf.
  • 4.1. Full submission without coordination with other states
  • 4.2. Exclude any disputed or potentially disputed area from the submission
  • 4.3. Agree not to object to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf considering data
  • 4.4. Coordinated submissions
  • 4.5. Joint submission
  • 5. Negotiating temporary lines or permanent boundaries before submitting
  • 5.1. Negotiate temporary lines in advance of Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf submissions
  • 5.2. Negotiate permanent boundaries in advance of Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf submissions
  • 6. Options for maritime boundary delimitation
  • 6.1. Delimitation of seafloor highs
  • 6.2. Delimiting ridges with sector or distance formulae
  • 6.3. Canada-Denmark boundary along the Lomonosov Ridge
  • 6.4. Third-party dispute resolution
  • 7. Non-Arctic states and Arctic continental shelves
  • 8. Summary
  • 5. Arctic Straits
  • 1. Northwest Passage.
  • 1.1. Voyage of the SS Manhattan
  • 1.2. Voyage of the USCGC Polar Sea
  • 1.3. European Union and China
  • 1.4.1988 Arctic Cooperation Agreement
  • 1.5. Concerns about a precedent
  • 2. Northern Sea Route
  • 2.1. Vil'Kitskii incidents
  • 2.2. Opening of the Northern Sea Route
  • 3. Assessment of Canada's and Russia's legal positions
  • 4. Canada-Russia cooperation
  • 5. Canada-United States cooperation
  • 6. Bering Strait
  • 7. Unimak Pass
  • 8. Nares Strait
  • 9. Multilateral mechanisms available to "strait states"
  • 10. Submarine voyages
  • 11. Summary
  • 6. Environmental protection
  • 1. Species protection
  • 1.1. Northern fur seals
  • 1.2. Polar bears
  • 1.3. Whales
  • 2. Fisheries
  • 2.1. Bering Sea "donut hole"
  • 2.2. Arctic Ocean Fisheries Organization
  • 3. Shipping
  • 3.1. Ship safety
  • 3.2. Ballast water
  • 4. Nuclear accidents
  • 5. Deep-sea mining
  • 6. Air-borne pollution
  • 6.1. Persistent organic pollutants
  • 6.2. Arctic haze
  • 6.3. Black carbon
  • 7. Oil spills.
  • 7.1. United States
  • 7.2. Canada
  • 7.3. Norway
  • 7.4. Greenland
  • 7.5. Russia
  • 7.6. Liability for oil spills
  • 7.7. Agreement on oil spill preparedness and response
  • 8. Ecosystem-based management
  • 9. Summary
  • 7. Indigenous peoples
  • 1. Political participation and self-determination
  • 2. Indigenous rights and state claims
  • 3. Indigenous transnationalism and international law-making
  • 4. Circumpolar Inuit Declaration on Sovereignty
  • 5. Does sovereignty "begin at home"?
  • 6. Seal product exports
  • 7. Indigenous peoples and human rights
  • 8. Indigenous peoples and whaling
  • 9. Indigenous peoples and nuclear weapons
  • 10. Summary
  • 8. Security
  • 1. De-escalating the Pole
  • 2. China
  • 3. Arctic nuclear-weapon-free zones
  • 4. Non-state actors
  • 4.1. Drug-smuggling
  • 4.2. Illegal immigration
  • 4.3. Trafficking of weapons of mass destruction
  • 4.4. Terrorist attacks on aircraft
  • 4.5. Protests against oil and gas infrastructure
  • 5. Search and rescue
  • 6. Summary.

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